Leg locks have become an integral part of modern Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ), recognised for their efficiency and versatility. While traditionally less emphasised than armlocks or chokes, leg locks are now considered game-changers by many practitioners. Whether you’re just starting out or are an experienced grappler, leg locks are a crucial submission to add to your arsenal.

Though seemingly straightforward, mastering leg locks requires precision, timing, and a solid understanding of the mechanics. Whether you’re looking to incorporate leg locks into your existing game or refine your technique, this guide will help you elevate your leg lock submissions to the next level.

Progress and mastery in BJJ are always evolving, but the core principles of effective leg locks remain constant.

Table of Contents

• What is Leg Lock in BJJ?

• Types of Leg Locks

• Step-by-Step Guide to Applying the Leg Lock

• Common Mistakes and How to Avoid Them

• Leg Lock Defences and Counters to Master

• Training Tips to Improve Your Leg Lock Technique

• Things to Consider When Applying Leg Submissions

What is a Leg Lock in BJJ?

A leg lock is a submission that targets the joints of your opponent’s legs, primarily the knee, ankle, or hip. These submissions are often used to force an opponent to tap out either due to pain or the risk of serious injury. When executed correctly, leg locks can be incredibly effective, often catching opponents off guard due to their complexity and less frequently trained nature.

Though traditionally seen as a secondary submission in BJJ, leg locks are now being integrated into many practitioners' primary game plans, especially with the increasing popularity of leg entanglements in modern grappling.

Types of Leg Locks

There are several types of leg locks in BJJ, each with its own unique mechanics and applications. Understanding these different leg lock variations will help you decide which technique is best suited for a given situation or opponent. Below are a few common types:

Heel Hook

One of the most effective (and dangerous) leg locks, the heel hook targets the knee by applying torque to the joint. It’s commonly used in both gi and no-gi BJJ, although it requires a significant level of control and experience to execute safely.

Knee Bar

A knee bar is a submission that isolates the knee joint, applying pressure on the ligaments and forcing the opponent to tap. This is a more straightforward leg lock that can be applied from a variety of positions, making it versatile.

Straight Ankle Lock

The straight ankle lock is one of the most basic leg locks. It’s often used as a starting point for beginners, as it isolates the ankle joint, applying pressure to force the opponent to tap.

Toe Hold

The toe hold is a submission that focuses on the foot and ankle, creating a twisting pressure that can force a tap. Though powerful from various positions, it’s typically suited for more experienced practitioners, as it requires careful control and technique to execute effectively.

Step-by-Step Guide to Applying the Leg Lock

Step 1: Secure the Leg Entanglement

The first step in applying most leg locks is getting your opponent’s leg in an entangled position, often referred to as “leg control.” From positions like open guard or half guard, you want to control your opponent’s leg, making sure you’re in a strong position to isolate it.

Step 2: Isolate the Leg

Once you’ve entangled the leg, isolate it by keeping their foot or knee trapped, while simultaneously clearing your own hips. The key here is to prevent your opponent from escaping by controlling the far leg or their posture.

Step 3: Apply the Lock

For a heel hook, you will need to get a strong grip on the opponent’s foot, placing your body into a position that allows you to apply pressure to the knee joint. For a knee bar or straight ankle lock, you’ll need to pull their leg towards you while keeping your hips tight and the leg extended.

Step 4: Finish the Submission

For a successful finish, make sure you are applying pressure on the correct joint. For a heel hook, twist the foot in the direction of the heel to generate pressure on the knee. For knee bars and ankle locks, you should elevate your hips while pulling their foot towards you to apply more force.

Common Mistakes and How to Avoid Them

Incorrect Leg Positioning

Leg locks rely heavily on proper leg positioning. If your positioning is off, you might not have the control necessary to apply the lock effectively. Ensure that you maintain control of your opponent’s leg and your body is in the right alignment to apply pressure to the joint.

Rushing the Submission

One of the most common mistakes is rushing the leg lock attempt before you have secured proper control. Always ensure that your opponent’s leg is isolated and you’ve positioned your body correctly before attempting to finish the submission.

Forgetting to Control the Opponent’s Hips

A critical aspect of leg locks is controlling your opponent’s hips. Without this control, they will likely be able to escape or counter the submission. Always focus on maintaining top position and control of their body.

Leg Lock Escapes to Master

Like any submission, leg locks have their escapes. Mastering how to escape a leg lock will make you a more well-rounded practitioner and increase your survival rate during live rolls.

Escape from the Heel Hook

The heel hook is one of the most dangerous leg locks, and escaping requires quick action. One common escape is to rotate your body, relieving pressure on the knee joint and creating space to disengage. However, be cautious, as this submission can cause serious injury if you don’t tap quickly enough. 

Escaping the Knee Bar

To escape the knee bar, turn towards the leg being attacked to realign your knee and relieve pressure. Prevent your opponent from extending their hips fully, and create space by rolling in the direction of the attack. Timing and positioning are crucial for a successful escape.

Escaping the Straight Ankle Lock

When caught in a straight ankle lock, the key to escaping is rotating your ankle away from your opponent and applying pressure to their body to break their grip. This gives you time to either escape or transition to a more favourable position. In some cases, you may also be able to counter with a quick ankle lock of your own, but focus on escaping first.

Training Tips to Improve Your Leg Lock Technique

Drill Regularly

Leg locks can be difficult to master, so consistency is key. Drilling regularly, especially with a training partner who can mimic live rolls, will help you get comfortable with various leg lock entries and finishes.

Focus on Timing and Control

Perfecting leg locks requires a focus on timing and control. Practise isolating the leg, maintaining control over your opponent’s movements, and applying the submission at the right moment when your opponent has no escape.

Improve Your Flexibility

Many leg locks require a degree of flexibility, especially in the hips and legs. Improving your flexibility can make it easier to apply leg locks and can help you maintain control over your opponent's leg.

Things to Consider When Applying Leg Submissions

When training leg locks, there are several factors that make them different from traditional submissions like armlocks and chokes:

The Threat of Injury

Leg locks, especially heel hooks, carry a higher risk of injury compared to other submissions. It's essential to recognise the potential dangers, particularly for beginners who may not be aware of when their leg is in a vulnerable position. Practising control and ensuring you and your training partners tap early is vital for safety.

IBJJF Rules on Foot Locks

In competition, the IBJJF (International Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Federation) has strict rules regarding the use of leg locks, particularly concerning "leg reaping" and the types of leg locks permitted at different belt levels. Be mindful of these rules, as they can limit the leg locks you can apply depending on your belt rank and the competition format.

Impact on Overall BJJ Development

While leg locks are valuable tools, relying on them too early in your BJJ journey can hinder the development of core skills, such as guard passing and positional control. Leg locks should complement your overall game, but they should not become your sole focus.

Use Proper Gear

Quality gear is crucial for effective leg lock training. Whether Gi or No-Gi, ensure your kit is durable, comfortable, and allows full mobility. A well-fitted gi provides control when isolating the legs, while no-gi rashguards and shorts offer freedom of movement for smooth transitions and leg lock applications. Additionally, wearing a mouthguard is recommended to protect your teeth and jaw during intense training. Proper gear helps you train safely and perform techniques with ease.

FAQ

What is a leg lock in BJJ?
A leg lock is a submission that targets the knee, ankle, or hip joints, applying pressure to force the opponent to tap due to pain or potential injury.

Why are leg locks so effective?
Leg locks are effective because they target less commonly defended joints and can be applied with precision, often catching opponents off guard.

Is leg locking illegal in BJJ?
Leg locks are legal in BJJ, but some competitions restrict their use, such as limiting heel hooks to brown and black belts. Always check the rules and practise with control.

What is the most dangerous leg lock?
The heel hook is considered one of the most dangerous leg locks due to the high risk of knee injury if applied incorrectly.

How do I improve my leg lock technique?
Regular drilling, focusing on timing and positioning, and improving flexibility are all key factors in mastering leg locks.