The armbar is one of the most essential submissions in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ), recognised for its effectiveness and versatility across all levels. Whether you're a beginner or a seasoned practitioner, the armbar is a technique you will return to time and again. Besides being a reliable technique which can be used from all sorts of positions, it is an iconic move in BJJ.

As one of the first submissions taught in BJJ, it remains a foundational move throughout your journey. But while it may seem straightforward, mastering the armbar takes time, precision, and a deep understanding of its mechanics. Whether you're looking to perfect your armbar from the guard or add a new variation to your arsenal, this guide will help you refine your technique. Make sure you get the submission with your armbar!

Progress and mastery in BJJ are always evolving, but the core principles of a successful armbar remain the same. 

Table of Contents 

● What is the Armbar in BJJ? 

● Types of Armbars 

● Step-by-Step Guide to Applying the Armbar 

● Common Mistakes and How to Avoid Them 

● Armbar Defences and Counters to Master 

● Training Tips to Improve Your Armbar Technique 

What is the Armbar in BJJ? 

The armbar is a joint lock submission where you use your legs to isolate your opponent's arm, creating pressure on the elbow joint. When executed correctly, it forces the opponent to tap out due to the intense pressure or potential injury to the arm. 

Typically applied from the guard position, the armbar is effective from top or bottom and can also be transitioned into from several different positions, including side control or mount. The effectiveness of the armbar lies in its simplicity, but achieving precision in leg placement, hip control, and timing is what makes it truly dangerous. Therefore, this makes a rather simple looking technique full of details.

Types of Armbars in BJJ 

There are several variations of the armbar, each suited to different situations. Understanding these types will help you adapt to your opponent's movements and create opportunities to submit them.

Standard Armbar (Closed Guard) 

The classic armbar is usually applied from a closed guard. You isolate your opponent’s arm, place your legs around their head and neck, and extend your hips to apply pressure. 

Armbar from Mount 

This variation is executed when you're in mount position. You isolate your opponent's arm, slide your leg over their head, and apply the armbar by extending your hips downward. 

Armbar from Side Control 

A slightly more advanced option, where you transition from side control to an armbar by using the far leg to secure the opponent’s arm and quickly securing the submission. 

Armbar from the Back 

This variation is applied when you have your opponent’s back. By isolating their arm and securing it with your legs, you transition into the armbar, using your body to apply pressure. It's an unexpected move that can catch opponents off guard with proper positioning and timing. 

Step-by-Step Guide to Applying the Armbar 

Step 1: Secure the Guard Position 

Start by breaking your opponent’s posture. Control their arm, while keeping your legs active and ensuring you have a strong grip on their wrist or sleeve. To create a solid angle, focus on controlling their posture and pulling them into your guard. 

Step 2: Isolate the Arm 

Pull your opponent’s arm across your body, placing their elbow at the top of your hips. Make sure their arm is fully extended, with their thumb pointing up, which will make it easier to lock the arm effectively. 

Step 3: Lock the Armbar 

Swing your leg over their head, placing it snugly against their neck. Clamp your legs around their head and torso, keeping them trapped while you bring the opponent’s arm straight across your body. 

Step 4: Finish the Submission 

Once you’ve locked the arm, control their wrist with both hands and raise your hips while pulling the arm back. For maximum pressure, ensure your opponent’s thumb is pointed upwards and your hips are lifted to apply the armbar correctly.

Common Mistakes and How to Avoid Them 

Incorrect Leg Positioning 

One of the most common mistakes is not securing the correct angle with your legs. If your leg is not fully over their head or not tight against their neck, the submission will not be effective. Make sure your legs are locked around their head, with the top leg securing their neck and your knee tight to their body. 

Misplacing the Arm 

If the opponent’s arm is not properly isolated, they will be able to escape. Always ensure you’ve trapped the arm effectively across your body, with their elbow near your hips for maximum control. 

Rushing the Finish 

Many practitioners rush to finish the armbar without proper setup, which can lead to missed submissions or escapes. Take the time to isolate the arm and lock it in securely before applying pressure. 

Armbar Defences and Counters to Master 

No submission is without its defences, and the armbar is no exception. As you advance in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, you’ll find that more experienced opponents will attempt to escape or counter your armbar attempts. 

Here are some common defences and counters to look out for: 

Hitchhiker Escape 

The hitchhiker escape is one of the most common defenses to an armbar. When your opponent is in the process of being armbarred, they may attempt to rotate their arm, turning their thumb away from you (as though hitchhiking). This rotation reduces the pressure on their elbow joint, allowing them to escape the submission. 

How to counter the Hitchhiker Escape 

To counter the hitchhiker escape, maintain a tight grip on their wrist and keep their arm fully extended. You can also adjust your angle by turning your body and positioning your hips to increase pressure on the arm. The key is not letting the opponent rotate their arm; instead, focus on keeping their elbow in line with your hips and applying pressure through the legs. 

Rolling Defence 

The rolling defence is a technique where your opponent tries to roll away from you to escape the armbar. This is commonly seen when the opponent attempts to flip over their head in an effort to create space and relieve the pressure on their arm.

How to counter the Rolling Defence 

To counter the rolling escape, ensure that you have solid control of their upper body and legs. When they begin to roll, you can follow their movement by keeping your hips close to theirs, maintaining your position. Another effective counter is to switch to a kimura or other submission if they start to roll, preventing them from completing the escape and potentially securing a submission of your own. 

Training Tips to Improve Your Armbar Technique 

Drill Regularly 

Consistency is key when it comes to perfecting the armbar. Drilling from different positions like closed guard, mount, and side control will give you a better understanding of the submission and help you react quickly in live rolls. 

Focus on Timing and Angles 

The armbar relies on getting the right angle and timing. Practice transitioning smoothly from guard to the submission and focus on the small adjustments, such as ensuring their arm is extended and their thumb is pointing upward. 

Work on Transitions 

The ability to flow between different submissions is crucial. Incorporate armbars into your flow drills so you can quickly transition from one submission to another, keeping your opponent guessing. 

Use Proper Gear 

Quality gear is essential for BJJ. Ensure your Gi or No-Gi kit is durable and comfortable, allowing for fluid movements while executing armbars and other submissions. 

FAQ 

What is an armbar in BJJ? 

An armbar is a joint lock submission that isolates the opponent’s arm, applying pressure to the elbow joint, forcing a tap or injury. 

Why is the armbar so effective? 

The armbar is effective because it targets the elbow joint, using leverage from your hips and legs to apply intense pressure. It's versatile, applicable from various positions like guard, mount, and side control, making it a fundamental submission that can be executed with precision, even against stronger opponents. 

How do you properly perform an armbar? 

Control the opponent’s posture, isolate their arm, lock it across your body, swing your leg over their head, and elevate your hips to apply pressure.

What is the most effective armbar? 

The armbar from the closed guard is one of the most effective, but each variation has its place, depending on the situation and position. 

How do I improve my armbar in competition? 

Focus on precision and speed in your setup, refining your transitions, and working on timing during live rolls and sparring. 

What gear does Progress Jiu Jitsu offer for armbar training? Our high-quality gi and no-gi apparel are designed for durability and comfort, providing you with the freedom to execute your armbar techniques without restriction.